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Sycope dictionary

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Zero-Day Exploit

Code or technique that abuses a flaw the vendor does not know about, with no patch yet — the attack happens before the flaw is disclosed and fixed.
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VLAN

Logical Layer 2 split of a network into separate broadcast domains, regardless of where devices physically sit; frames are tagged per IEEE 802.1Q, and traffic between VLANs needs Layer 3 routing.
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TTPs

Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures — a description of how an attacker operates across three levels (goal, method, execution), used in MITRE ATT&CK, threat hunting, and attribution.
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Top Talkers

Hosts, applications, or conversations that generate the most network traffic; identified from flow data such as NetFlow, IPFIX, and sFlow.
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NAC

A cybersecurity system designed to regulate and manage access to computer networks.
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NDR (Network Detection and Response)

A security technology that monitors network traffic to detect suspicious activity and respond to threats. It helps identify attacks early and support incident response.
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NetFlow

Information about streams of data flowing through network devices is called NetFlow - the most widely-used standard for flow data statistics
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Network Forensics

Branch of digital forensics that captures and analyzes network traffic (PCAP, flow, logs) to determine the source and course of an incident and to preserve evidence.
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Network Observability

A real-time data analysis, enabling proactive issue resolution and optimization for seamless operations and enhanced security.
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Network Packet Broker (NPB)

An appliance or software that collects a copy of traffic from TAPs and SPAN ports, filters it, and distributes it to monitoring and security tools.
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Network TAP

A device inserted into a network cable that makes a faithful copy of all traffic and passes it to monitoring tools without affecting the live network.
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Network Topology

A blueprint of device connections, defining data flow patterns and influencing performance and fault tolerance.
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NIS2

An EU directive that sets cybersecurity requirements for essential and digital service providers. Its purpose is to improve risk management, incident reporting, and resilience against cyber threats.
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NIST Cybersecurity Framework

A voluntary, risk-based NIST framework that organizes cybersecurity around outcomes. In version 2.0 (2024) it has six functions: Govern, Identify, Protect, Detect, Respond and Recover.
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NOC (Network Operations Center)

A center where a team watches over networks, servers, and services around the clock — keeping them available and performing well, and handling outages.
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North-South vs East-West Traffic

Directions of network data flow: North-South crosses the network edge (client–server), while East-West moves horizontally inside, between servers and services.
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NPM (Network Performance Monitoring)

Continuous measurement of network performance, availability, and quality — latency, packet loss, jitter, throughput — using SNMP, flow data, packets, and synthetic tests.
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NSEL (NetFlow Secure Event Logging)

How a Cisco ASA firewall sends traffic data, based on NetFlow v9 and event-driven: records are created when a flow is set up, torn down, or denied.
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NSM (Network Security Monitoring)

Collecting and analyzing network traffic data (full content, session, transaction, alert) to detect and respond to intrusions, on the assumption that prevention sometimes fails.
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