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Sycope dictionary

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Zero-Day Exploit

Code or technique that abuses a flaw the vendor does not know about, with no patch yet — the attack happens before the flaw is disclosed and fixed.
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VLAN

Logical Layer 2 split of a network into separate broadcast domains, regardless of where devices physically sit; frames are tagged per IEEE 802.1Q, and traffic between VLANs needs Layer 3 routing.
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TTPs

Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures — a description of how an attacker operates across three levels (goal, method, execution), used in MITRE ATT&CK, threat hunting, and attribution.
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Top Talkers

Hosts, applications, or conversations that generate the most network traffic; identified from flow data such as NetFlow, IPFIX, and sFlow.
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SaaS / IaaS / PaaS

Three cloud service models that differ in how much the provider manages: IaaS gives you infrastructure, PaaS a developer environment, and SaaS a ready-to-use app.
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SaaS Security Posture Management (SSPM)

A category of tools that continuously check SaaS app settings via API and flag misconfigurations, overly broad permissions, and risky OAuth integrations.
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Scrubbing Center

Specialized infrastructure to which traffic is diverted during a DDoS attack (via BGP/DNS) to filter out malicious packets and send only clean traffic back to the origin.
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Secure Access Service Edge (SASE)

An architecture model that converges networking (SD-WAN) and security (SWG, CASB, ZTNA, FWaaS) into one cloud-delivered service, with identity-based, Zero Trust access.
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sFlow

A network traffic monitoring method that samples packets on devices and sends the data to a collector for analysis. It is used to detect anomalies, threats, and usage patterns in real time.
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Shadow IT

Unauthorized apps or services used by employees without IT approval, often to get work done faster. They bypass official controls and can create security and compliance risks.
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SIEM

A cybersecurity system that provides real-time monitoring, analysis, and correlation of security events within a network infrastructure.
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Silver Ticket Attack

An Active Directory attack technique: the attacker forges a Kerberos service ticket (TGS) with a service account hash and bypasses the domain controller to reach a single service.
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Slowloris

Slowloris is a denial-of-service attack that exhausts server resources by sending incomplete HTTP requests and holding connections open indefinitely.
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SNMP protocol

A protocol used for managing and monitoring network devices such as routers, switches, servers.
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SOAR

Security Orchestration, Automation and Response (SOAR) is a cybersecurity platform that automates and coordinates security tasks. It helps teams detect, investigate, and respond to incidents faster.
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SOC (Security Operations Center)

A Security Operations Center is a team or facility that monitors, detects, and responds to cybersecurity threats in real time. Its purpose is to protect systems, data, and operations.
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Software Bill of Materials (SBOM)

A machine-readable list of all components, libraries and dependencies that make up software, with their versions, origin and licenses. The basis for managing supply-chain risk.
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SPAN

A method of monitoring network traffic that copies network packets from selected ports to a monitoring port.
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Spear Phishing

Targeted phishing attack using personalized messages to impersonate trusted sources and trick specific individuals into revealing credentials.
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SQL Injection (SQLi)

A code-injection attack that inserts malicious SQL into input fields to manipulate database queries. It can expose, alter, or delete data by exploiting unsafe query handling.
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STIX

Open OASIS standard for describing cyber threats in JSON: typed objects (SDO/SCO/SRO) and their relationships, used to exchange threat intelligence.
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Subdomain Takeover

Unauthorized takeover of a subdomain allowing attackers to redirect users to malicious content or steal data.
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Supply Chain Attack

A cyberattack that compromises a trusted supplier or service provider to reach its customers. It exploits that trust to insert malicious code or access into the target organization.
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SYN Flood

DDoS attack using fake SYN packets to exhaust server resources and prevent legitimate connections.
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Syslog

A standard and protocol for sending system event messages from devices and applications to a central collector; each entry encodes the source (facility) and importance (severity).
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